Why constipation is common among cancer patients undergoing treatment

Why Cancer Patients Often Struggle With Constipation During Treatment.

Cancer treatment can be physically and emotionally exhausting, and many patients face additional challenges in the form of side effects. One commonly reported issue is constipation, which is often overlooked but can significantly affect comfort and overall health.

According to Dr. Supriya Bambarkar, a cancer surgery specialist at AIIMS Mumbai, constipation in cancer patients can result from treatment side effects, reduced physical activity, inadequate hydration, and mental stress. Understanding the causes and ways to manage constipation is essential for maintaining digestive health during treatment.

Constipation is generally defined as having fewer than three bowel movements per week, difficulty passing stools, or a feeling of incomplete evacuation. Symptoms may include bloating, abdominal pain, gas, nausea, or excessive straining.

Treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, medications, and radiation can slow bowel movement. Painkillers, anti-nausea drugs, and certain chemotherapy medications often reduce intestinal motility. Fatigue and prolonged bed rest further contribute, while poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, and mouth sores can limit fibre and water intake. Emotional stress can also negatively affect bowel function. Left untreated, constipation may lead to severe abdominal pain, piles, or anal fissures.

To manage constipation, caregivers should encourage patients to stay hydrated, eat a fibre-rich diet, and engage in light physical activity like short walks or gentle exercises, depending on their condition. Laxatives or other medicines should only be used under medical guidance. Patients should avoid straining during bowel movements and consult a doctor if constipation worsens or pain increases.

Effective management of constipation is an important part of cancer care, helping patients stay comfortable and maintain better overall health.